Israelis Seethed Over Al Jazeera Well Before Ban 以色列封閉半島電視台凸顯雙方關係長期緊張

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Israelis Seethed Over Al Jazeera Well Before Ban 以色列封閉半島電視台凸顯雙方關係長期緊張

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Israelis Seethed Over Al Jazeera Well Before Ban 以色列封閉半島電視台凸顯雙方關係長期緊張
Moralism's Limits in The Mideast 道德掛帥在中東的界限

Israelis Seethed Over Al Jazeera Well Before Ban 以色列封閉半島電視台凸顯雙方關係長期緊張
文/Vivian Yee, Emma Bubola and
譯/羅方妤以色列封閉半島電視台凸顯雙方關係長期緊張 When Israel ordered Al Jazeera on Sunday to shut down operations there, the network had a reporter covering a government meeting in west Jerusalem, another in an east Jerusalem hotel room, a third in northern Israel to cover clashes on the border with Lebanon and a fourth in Tel Aviv. 以色列周日下令半島電視台關閉在當地營運時，這個電視台有一名記者正在西耶路撒冷報導一場政府會議，另一名記者在東耶路撒冷一間酒店房間，第三名在以國北部報導黎巴嫩邊境衝突，第四名在特拉維夫。 But the cameras stopped rolling when Walid al-Omari, the network's bureau chief in Ramallah, in the West Bank, ordered all of them to go home. Israeli authorities descended on a room used by Al Jazeera in the Ambassador Hotel in east Jerusalem, confiscating broadcast equipment. Israeli television and internet providers cut off its channels and blocked its websites, though people were still able to find it online. 然而，半島電視台約旦河西岸雷馬拉分社主管歐馬利下令所有記者回家時，攝影機停止運作。以國當局突襲半島電視台在東耶路撒冷大使酒店使用的一間房間，沒收播報設備。以國電視和網路供應商切斷半島電視台的頻道並封鎖其網站，儘管人們仍可在網路上找到它。 Al Jazeera, the influential Arab news network, says it will continue reporting and broadcasting from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. But its departure from Israel marks a new low in its long-strained history with a country that much of Al Jazeera's audience in the Arab world and beyond sees as an aggressor and an occupier. 半島電視台這個極具影響力的阿拉伯新聞網表示，會繼續從加薩走廊和約旦河西岸播報新聞。但離開以色列，代表他們和這個國家長久以來緊張過往的新低點。阿拉伯世界及其他地區的許多半島電視台觀眾，認為以色列是侵略者和占領者。 The shutdown order, which lasts 45 days and can be renewed, was a break long in the making. Al-Omari said that soon after the Israel-Hamas war began in October, the network stopped using an office in west Jerusalem, saying that far-right Israelis had used intimidation tactics against the staff there. 這項為期45天且可延長的關閉電視台命令，是醞釀已久的變化。歐馬利表示，以哈戰爭去年10月爆發後不久，半島電視台就停用了西耶路撒冷一個辦事處，並稱極右派以色列人對當地員工使用威嚇戰術。 The network has played a major role in amplifying stories of the killing and suffering of Palestinians in Gaza, heightening worldwide outrage at Israel's conduct. Many defenders of Al Jazeera argue that its work is so strong that Israel wants to intimidate and censor it. 該電視台扮演重要角色，詳盡報導加薩巴勒斯坦人遇害和受苦的故事，增強全球對以國行為的憤怒。許多半島電視台的擁護者主張，該電視台工作成果如此強大，以致以國想威嚇並審查它。 But its focus on bloodshed in Gaza has also generated controversy, with some Arab analysts saying it cheerleads for what it portrays as legitimate armed resistance to Israel, and presents commentary from Hamas officials and fighters with little critical pushback. The network is backed by the government of Qatar, which allows Hamas political leaders to live and operate in its country. 然而，該電視台對加薩殺戮的報導重點也引發爭議，一些阿拉伯分析家表示，該台擁護被其描繪為合法武裝抵抗以色列的行為，發表哈瑪斯官員和戰士的評論，且幾乎沒有批判性回應。該電視台得到卡達政府支持，該國允許哈瑪斯政治領袖在其國內生活和進行活動。 That makes it a compelling target for critics in Israel and beyond who say it is, at best, presenting a one-sided view of the war. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu accused Al Jazeera of inciting violence against Israel and harming Israel's security. 這使該台成為以國和其他國家批評家的顯著目標。他們表示，該台充其量只是對這場戰爭提出片面觀點。以國總理內唐亞胡指控半島電視台煽動針對以國的暴力，損害以國安全。

Moralism's Limits in The Mideast 道德掛帥在中東的界限
文/Ross Douthat
譯/周辰陽道德掛帥在中東的界限 Foreign policy can make a mockery of moral certitude. You're trying to master a landscape of anarchy policed by violence, where ideological differences make American polarization look like genial neighborliness, where even a superpower's ability to impose its will dissolves with distance, where any grand project requires alliances with tyranny and worse. 外交政策可以讓道德確定性顯得荒謬。你正在試圖掌握一片暴力管理的無政府景色，意識形態分歧的激烈程度讓美國的兩極化看上去就像敦親睦鄰，即使超級大國，強加其意志的能力也因距離而遞減，任何宏偉計畫都需跟暴君與更糟的人合作。 This seems clear when you consider the dilemmas of the past. It's why the "good war" of World War II involved a partnership with a monster in Moscow and the subjection of half of Europe to totalitarian oppression. It's why the "bad war" of Vietnam was only escaped at the cost of betraying the South Vietnamese and making a deal with yet another monster in Beijing. 當你考慮過去的困境，這似乎顯而易見。這就是第二次世界大戰的「良善之戰」為什麼牽涉跟莫斯科的怪物合作，以及半個歐洲屈從極權主義的壓迫。這就是越南的「亂七八糟之戰」為什麼只能以背叛南越，並跟另一個怪物（北京）做交易為代價，才得以擺脫。 But in active controversies the tragic vision can seem like a cold way of looking at the world. Lean into it too hard, and you get accused of ignoring injustice or recapitulating the indifference that gave cover to past atrocities. 但是，在現行的爭議中，悲劇性觀點可能看起來像是一種冷眼觀察世界的方式。太傾向這種觀點，你會被控忽視不公正，或是再現掩護過去殘暴行為的漠不關心。 Sometimes those accusations have some bite. A "realist" foreign policy can slide from describing power to excusing depredations. It can underestimate the power of a righteous cause — as I underestimated, for instance, Ukraine's capacity to defend itself in 2022. 有時候，這些指控有強烈的影響。「現實主義」的外交政策可以從描述權力淪陷到替掠奪開脫，它可能低估正義的力量。舉例來說，正如我低估了烏克蘭2022年的自我防衛能力。 But seeing statecraft as a tragic balancing of evils is still essential, especially amid the kind of moral fervor that attends a conflict like Israel's war in the Gaza Strip. The alternative is a form of argument in which essential aspects of the world, being inconvenient to moral absolutism, simply disappear. 但是，視治國才能為一種悲劇性的邪惡平衡仍很重要，特別是在那種混雜了道德狂熱的衝突，像是以色列的加薩走廊之戰。另一個選擇是一種論證形式，在其中與道德絕對主義不符的世界的重要層面完全消失。 Then a similar point applies to supporters of the Israeli war, for whom moral considerations — the evil of Hamas, the historical suffering of the Jewish people, the special American relationship with Israel — are invoked as an argument-ender in an inflexible way. 類似的論點適用於以色列戰爭的支持者，對他們而言，道德上的考量，即哈瑪斯的邪惡、猶太民族的歷史苦難、美國與以色列的特殊關係，最後雙方都是鐵板一塊，結束討論。 Biden's specific attempts to micromanage the conflict may be misguided or hamfisted. But it's not misguided for America, an imperium dealing with multiplying threats, to decline to write a blank check for a war being waged without a clear plan for victory or for peace. 拜登微觀管理這場衝突的一些具體嘗試，可能出於被誤導或是笨手笨腳。但是，對於美國，一個處理倍增威脅的最高權力，拒絕為一場正被發動，沒有明確勝利或和平計畫的戰爭寫下一張空白支票，並不是被誤導。 Being cold-eyed and tragic-minded does not mean abandoning morality. But it means recognizing that often nobody is simply right, no single approach is morally obvious, and no strategy is clean. 不流露情感跟有悲劇性傾向，並不意味放棄道德。但意味著承認，通常沒有人是完全正確，沒有單一方法是道德上顯而易見，沒有戰略是乾淨的。

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