This Therapist Helped Clients Feel Better. It Was A.I. 人工智慧治療師話療助客戶感覺變好

2025年6月12日星期四

This Therapist Helped Clients Feel Better. It Was A.I. 人工智慧治療師話療助客戶感覺變好

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This Therapist Helped Clients Feel Better. It Was A.I. 人工智慧治療師話療助客戶感覺變好
Breaking Silence, Colleges Organize to Fight Trump 打破集體沉默美國大學團結對抗川普

This Therapist Helped Clients Feel Better. It Was A.I. 人工智慧治療師話療助客戶感覺變好
文/Teddy Rosenbluth
譯/羅方妤人工智慧治療師話療助客戶感覺變好 The quest to create an artificial intelligence therapist has not been without setbacks, or as researchers at Dartmouth thoughtfully describe them, "dramatic failures." 打造人工智慧治療師的探索歷程並非一帆風順，正如達特茅斯大學的研究人員經深思熟慮後所說的，過程中曾歷經「戲劇性的失敗」。 Their first chatbot therapist wallowed in despair and expressed its own suicidal thoughts. A second model seemed to amplify all the worst tropes of psychotherapy, invariably blaming the user's problems on her parents. 他們的首款聊天機器人沉溺於絕望情緒，甚至表達出自殺傾向。第二款模型則過度強化心理治療中的負面刻板印象，幾乎無一例外將使用者的問題歸咎於其父母。 Finally, the researchers came up with Therabot, an AI chatbot they believe could help address an intractable problem: There are too many people who need therapy for anxiety, depression and other mental health problems, and not nearly enough providers. 最終，研究人員研發出名為Therabot的人工智慧聊天機器人，他們相信該系統可望解決一項難題：目前有過多人迫切需要接受焦慮、憂鬱及其他心理健康問題的治療，但可提供專業服務的心理醫療人員卻嚴重不足。 So the team at Dartmouth College embarked on the first clinical trial of a generative AI therapist. The results, published in the New England Journal of Medicine-AI, were encouraging. 因此，達特茅斯學院研究團隊啟動了首項針對生成式AI治療師的臨床試驗。該研究結果已發表於「新英格蘭醫學期刊——人工智慧」，成果令人鼓舞。 Chatting with Therabot, the team's AI therapist, for eight weeks meaningfully reduced psychological symptoms among users with depression, anxiety or an eating disorder. 在為期八周實驗中，與團隊開發的AI治療師Therabot互動，有憂鬱症、焦慮症或飲食障礙的參與者，心理症狀均顯著改善。 "The biggest fundamental problem with our system is that there aren't enough providers," said Nick Jacobson, the study's senior author and an associate professor of biomedical data science and psychiatry at Dartmouth. 「我們這個醫療體系最根本的問題在於，專業治療人員數量遠遠不夠，」該研究資深作者、達特茅斯學院生醫數據科學和精神病學副教授雅各森表示。 "We've been designing treatments that would fundamentally scale to all people." 「我們正致力於設計一套治療方式，能真正實現大規模普及。」 During the trial, participants with depression saw a 51% reduction in symptoms after messaging Therabot for several weeks. Many participants who met the criteria for moderate anxiety at the start of the trial saw their anxiety downgraded to "mild," and some with mild anxiety fell below the clinical threshold for diagnosis. 在此臨床試驗中，患有憂鬱症的受試者在與Therabot訊息互動數周後，症狀平均下降51%。原本符合中度焦慮診斷標準的受試者中，多數症狀降為輕度，部分原本為輕度焦慮者則低於臨床診斷門檻。 Some experts cautioned against reading too much into this data, since the researchers compared Therabot's effectiveness to a control group who had no mental health treatments during the trial. 部分專家對於這份數據提出審慎觀點，指出研究中所設對照組在試驗期間未接受任何心理治療，因此不宜過度詮釋結果。 The experimental design makes it unclear whether interacting with a nontherapeutic AI model, like ChatGPT, or even distracting themselves with a game of Tetris would produce similar effects in the participants, said Dr. John Torous, director of the digital psychiatry division at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, who was not involved with the study. 貝斯以色列女執事醫療中心數位精神醫學部門主任、未參與本研究的托洛斯醫師表示，此試驗設計使人難以斷定，若受試者改為與無治療功能的AI模型（如 ChatGPT）互動，或僅以俄羅斯方塊等遊戲分散注意力，是否會產生相似效果。 Jacobson said that he hoped future trials would include a head-to-head comparison against human therapists. 對此雅各森表示，希望未來試驗包含和人類治療師面對面比較。

Breaking Silence, Colleges Organize to Fight Trump 打破集體沉默美國大學團結對抗川普
文/Stephanie Saul and Alan Blin
譯/羅方妤打破集體沉默美國大學團結對抗川普 The Trump administration's swift initial rollout of orders seeking more control over universities left schools thunderstruck. Fearing retribution from a president known to retaliate against his enemies, most leaders in higher education responded in February with silence. 川普政府迅速推出行政命令，尋求對大學進行更多控制，令各大學極其震驚。由於憂心這名以睚眥必報惡名昭彰的總統祭出重罰，大多數高等教育的領袖2月時保持沉默。 But after weeks of witnessing the administration freeze billions in federal funding, demand changes to policies and begin investigations, a broad coalition of university leaders publicly opposing those moves is taking root. The most visible evidence yet was a statement last week signed by more than 400 campus leaders opposing what they saw as the administration's assault on academia. 但在幾星期內目睹政府凍結數十億聯邦資金、要求修改政策並開始展開調查後，一個由大學領袖組成、公開反對這些舉措的大聯盟開始成形。最明顯的證據，是上周有超過400位校園領導人聯署聲明，反對他們視為政府對學術界的攻擊。 Although organizations of colleges and administrators regularly conduct meetings on a wide range of issues, the statement by the American Association of Colleges and Universities was an unusual show of unity considering the wide cross-section of interests it included: Ivy League institutions and community colleges, public flagship schools and Jesuit universities, regional schools and historically Black colleges. 儘管大學與行政人員的組織經常針對各種議題舉行會議，但「美國大學與學院協會」的這份聲明，基於其中包含的廣泛利益代表，仍是不同尋常的團結展現：從常春藤盟校與社區大學，到公立旗艦學校與耶穌會大學，區域性學校與傳統的黑人學院。 "We speak with one voice against the unprecedented government overreach and political interference now endangering American higher education," the statement said. 聲明表示：「我們以同一個聲音反對前所未見的政府越權與政治干預，這些行為正危及美國的高等教育。」 Although it contained no concrete action, and what's next was unclear, the collective stance reflected a group more galvanized than ever to resist. 雖然聲明中未包含具體行動計畫，未來發展也尚不明朗，但這種集體立場展現出一個比以往更為團結、準備反抗的群體。 "When we are teaming up with higher ed across the board, it's more than just about what the elite think," Richard Lyons, chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley, said in an interview after the school signed on. "At some level, that really disparate, wide-angle, wonderful group of colleges and universities that signed the message, I find quite heartening." 「當我們與整個高教界並肩作戰時，這已經不僅僅是關於菁英階層的想法，」柏克萊加州大學校長萊昂斯在簽署聲明後受訪時說。「某種程度上，這個多樣、廣角且令人振奮的大學與學院聯合團體，讓我感到非常鼓舞。」 The joint statement from university leaders, many of them energized by Harvard University's confrontation with the Trump administration, emerged even after higher education associations and a handful of universities filed lawsuits fighting cuts to funding from the National Institutes of Health and the Energy Department. And heads of colleges had been talking and meeting with one another more frequently than they had since the COVID-19 pandemic, with some engaged in discussions in Washington. 這份由大學領袖聯合發出的聲明——其中許多人受到哈佛大學與川普政府衝突的激勵——是在高等教育協會與一些大學已經針對國家衛生研究院與能源部削減資金提出訴訟後發表的。而且，大學校長們之間的對話與會面，比自新冠疫情以來任何時候都更為頻繁，部分人已在華府展開相關討論。

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