Colombia’s Truth Commission Is Highly Critical of US Policy 哥倫比亞真相委員會猛批美國政策

2022年8月4日星期四

Colombia’s Truth Commission Is Highly Critical of US Policy 哥倫比亞真相委員會猛批美國政策

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Colombia's Truth Commission Is Highly Critical of US Policy 哥倫比亞真相委員會猛批美國政策
Once Again, Tennis Is Disrupted by Politics 網球再度遭到政治干擾

Colombia's Truth Commission Is Highly Critical of US Policy 哥倫比亞真相委員會猛批美國政策
文/Julie Turkewitz and Geneviev
譯/陳韋廷哥倫比亞真相委員會猛批美國政策 It was a 58-year conflict, involved almost every sector of Colombian society, and cost hundreds of thousands of lives and billions of U.S. dollars. 這是一場長達58年的衝突，幾乎涉及哥倫比亞社會的每個階層，造成數十萬人死亡與數十億美元損失。 And on Tuesday, a government-appointed truth commission released the most comprehensive examination yet of Colombia's brutal internal conflict, which spanned 1958 to 2016. 一個由政府任命的真相委員會周二對哥倫比亞1958年至2016年間的殘酷內戰，發布迄今為止最全面的調查報告。 The report was highly critical of the security model that dominated the country for decades, which the authors said treated much of the population as internal enemies, and it called for sweeping transformation of the police and military. 這份報告對主導該國數十年的安全模式提出強烈批評，作者稱該模式將大部分民眾視為內部敵人，並呼籲對警察和軍隊進行徹底改革。 It also delivered a sharp rebuke of U.S. policy in Colombia, saying that mounting a war against drug trafficking had disastrous social and environmental effects, turning poor farmers into enemies of the state and poisoning once fertile landscapes. 報告還嚴厲指責美國在哥倫比亞的政策，稱發動打擊販毒的戰爭對社會和環境造成災難性影響，將貧窮的農民變成國家的敵人，並毒害曾經肥沃的土地。 "The consequences of this concerted and largely U.S.-driven approach," the report said, led to a "hardening of the conflict in which the civilian population has been the main victim." 報告說，「這種協調一致且主要由美國推動的做法造成後果」，導致「以平民為主要受害者的衝突加劇」。 Declassified documents used to compile the report, which were obtained by The New York Times, show that Washington believed for years that the Colombian military was engaged in extrajudicial killings and was working with right-wing paramilitaries, and yet continued to deepen its relationship with the armed forces. 「紐約時報」取得用於編寫報告的解密文件顯示，華府多年來一直認為哥倫比亞軍方從事法外處決並跟右派準軍事組織合作，但仍繼續加深與哥國軍方的關係。 The report, which was four years in the making and involved more than 14,000 individual and collective interviews, was a product of the 2016 peace deal between the Colombian government and its largest rebel force, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. It is meant to aid in healing after the war, and included a new estimate of the dead: 450,000 people, nearly twice the number previously believed. 這份報告花費四年製作，涉及超過1萬4000多個個人與集體訪談，是2016年哥國政府及其最大反叛力量哥倫比亞革命軍（FARC）達成和平協議的產物。其目的是協助內戰後療癒，並包括對死亡人數的最新估計：45萬人，這一數字幾乎是先前估計的兩倍。 At a ceremony marking the report's publication, some victims cried in their seats, while others shouted for recognition for their loved ones. Some of the commissioners, who were responsible for creating the report, wore T-shirts that read: "There is future if there is truth." 在報告發表的儀式上，一些受害者坐在座位上哭泣，另一些人則大聲要求認列他們的親人。一些負責撰寫該項報告的委員則穿著印有「有真相才有未來」字樣的Ｔ恤。 The list of victims "is unending and the accumulated pain is unbearable," the Rev. Francisco de Roux, who led the truth commission, told a packed theater in Bogotá, the capital. "Why did we watch the massacres on television, day after day, as if they were a cheap soap opera?" 領導真相委員會的牧師德魯，在首都波哥大一間座無虛席的劇院內表示，受害者名單「毫無止盡，累積的痛苦令人無法承受」，「為何我們日復一日在電視上觀看這些屠殺，就好像它們是廉價肥皂劇一樣？」

Once Again, Tennis Is Disrupted by Politics 網球再度遭到政治干擾
文/Cindy Shmerler
譯/李京倫網球再度遭到政治干擾 If he had it to do over, Brad Gilbert would never have played a professional tennis tournament in South Africa while the country was embroiled in apartheid. 假如美國職業網球選手吉爾伯特能夠重來，他不會在南非還實施種族隔離制度時，參加那裡的職業網球錦標賽。 Martina Navratilova has never regretted challenging Czechoslovakia's Communist government by defecting to the United States in 1975, but she wishes she had been able to persuade her parents and younger sister to come with her. 捷克職業網球選手娜拉提洛娃，從不後悔在一九七五年藉由叛逃到美國，挑戰捷克斯洛伐克共產黨政府，不過她希望當年能說服雙親和妹妹跟著她來。 And Cliff Drysdale, the first president of the ATP, the men's pro players association, is still in awe of his fellow pros for agreeing to boycott Wimbledon in 1973 when Croatian player Nikola Pilic was suspended by his native Yugoslav Tennis Federation, which said he refused to play for Yugoslavia in the Davis Cup in New Zealand. 職業男網選手協會「職業網球聯合會」首任主席德萊斯代爾，仍然敬佩他的同輩職網球員同意在一九七三年抵制溫布頓網球錦標賽，當時克羅埃西亞選手皮里奇被他出身的南斯拉夫網球聯盟暫停溫網參賽資格，聯盟說，皮里奇拒絕代表南斯拉夫參加在紐西蘭舉行的台維斯盃。 Tennis and politics have long had a craggy relationship. This year alone, the sport has been embroiled in three international incidents: Novak Djokovic's deportation from Australia on the eve of the Australian Open because he did not have a COVID-19 vaccination, the Women's Tennis Association canceling all tournaments in China after accusations by Peng Shuai that she was sexually assaulted by a high-ranking government official, and Wimbledon banning Russian and Belarusian players because of the war in Ukraine. The WTA and the ATP subsequently stripped this year's Wimbledon of all ranking points. 網球與政治的關係一直崎嶇不平。單是今年，這項運動就捲入三個國際事件：塞爾維亞名將約克維奇因為沒接種新冠疫苗，在澳洲網球公開賽前夕被逐出澳洲；中國大陸女將彭帥指控一名政府高官性侵她後，國際女子網球協會取消在中國大陸所有錦標賽；以及溫網因烏克蘭戰爭禁止俄國和白俄羅斯選手參賽。國際女子網球協會和職業網球聯合會隨後取消今年溫網所有排名積分。 As this tournament begins, five male players ranked in the world's top 50, including No. 1 Daniil Medvedev and No. 8 Andrey Rublev, both Russians, will be absent because of the Wimbledon ban. Also banned are Russians Karen Khachanov, ranked No. 22, and Aslan Karatsev, No. 43; and Belarusian Ilya Ivashka, No. 40. 這場錦標賽開始之際，世界排名前50的選手中，五名男選手將因這道溫布頓禁令缺席，包括排名第一的梅德維夫和第八的羅布雷夫，都是俄國人。被禁的還有兩名俄國人，排名第22的卡查諾夫和第43的克拉特塞夫，以及排名第40的白俄人伊華舒卡。 For the women, 13 players who would have qualified are not allowed to play, including Russians Daria Kasatkina, ranked No. 13, No. 22 Veronika Kudermetova and No. 83 Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, the 2021 French Open runner-up; and Belarusians Aryna Sabalenka, No. 6 and a semifinalist last year at Wimbledon and the U.S. Open, and No. 20 Victoria Azarenka, a former world No. 1. 在女選手方面，13名符合資格者不准參賽，包括三名俄國人，排名第13的卡薩金娜、第22的庫德梅托娃和第83、2021年法國網球公開賽亞軍帕莉歐申可娃，以及兩名白俄人，排名第六、打入去年溫網和美國網球公開賽準決賽的莎芭蓮卡，還有前世界球后、目前第20的艾薩蘭卡。 The U.S. Tennis Association has already announced that players from Russia and Belarus will be allowed to compete at the U.S. Open in August, although not under their nations' flags. 美國網球協會已宣布，俄國和白俄選手將獲准參加8月美網公開賽，但不能代表他們自己的國家。 "Our sport is always going to be subjected to political forces," said Drysdale, an ESPN commentator since the network's inception in 1979. "There's always something coming around the corner and rearing its head." 從ESPN電視台1979年創立後就擔任其評論員的德萊斯代爾說：「我們的運動總會承受政治力，總有些事情很快就會冒出來。」

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