‘Fighting Was Easier’ for Taliban Than Upkeep of Risky Pass 對神學士而言打仗比養護隘口容易

2022年5月26日星期四

‘Fighting Was Easier’ for Taliban Than Upkeep of Risky Pass 對神學士而言打仗比養護隘口容易

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'Fighting Was Easier' for Taliban Than Upkeep of Risky Pass 對神學士而言打仗比養護隘口容易
Kashmir Journalists Face Forbidding Pattern: Arrest, Bail, Rearrest 喀什米爾記者面臨當局整肅新模式

'Fighting Was Easier' for Taliban Than Upkeep of Risky Pass 對神學士而言打仗比養護隘口容易
文/Thomas Gibbons-Neff and Yaqo
譯/莊蕙嘉對神學士而言打仗比養護隘口容易 The Taliban commander's sneakers had soaked through from the melting snow, but that was the least of his problems. It was avalanche season in the Salang Pass, a rugged cut of switchback roads that gash through the Hindu Kush mountains in northern Afghanistan like some man-made insult to nature, and he was determined to keep the essential trade route open during his first season as its caretaker. 神學士指揮官的運動鞋已被融雪浸濕，但這是他最小的問題。那時正是薩朗隘口的雪崩季節，此處的之字形道路崎嶇不平，在阿富汗北部劃過興都庫什山，猶如對自然的人為䙝瀆。在擔任此地管理人的第一季期間，他決意要保持這條重要貿易通道暢通。 The worry about traffic flow was both new and strange to the commander, Salahuddin Ayoubi, and his band of former insurgents. Over the last 20 years, the Taliban had mastered destroying Afghanistan's roads and killing the people on them. Culverts, ditches, bridges, canal paths, dirt trails and highways: None were safe from the Taliban's array of homemade explosives. 對指揮官阿尤比和他帶領的前民兵團隊而言，關於交通的憂慮既嶄新且陌生。過去20年來，神學士擅於摧毀阿富汗的道路及殺害路上民眾。涵洞、水溝、橋梁、運河水道、產業道路和公路，沒有一樣能安全逃過神學士一連串自製炸藥。 But that all ended half a year ago. After overthrowing the Western-backed government in August, the Taliban are now trying to save what's left of the economic arteries they had spent so long tearing apart. 但這一切在半年前結束。去年8月推翻西方支持的政府後，神學士現在正試圖挽救剩下的經濟要道，這些他們以往耗費很長時間破壞的地方。 Nowhere is that more important than in the Salang Pass, where, at over 2 miles high, thousands of trucks lumber through the jagged mountains every day. It is the only viable land route to Kabul, the capital, from Afghanistan's north and bordering countries like Uzbekistan. Everything bumps up its slopes and down its draws: fuel, flour, coal, consumer goods, livestock, people. 沒有其他地點比超過2英里（3200公尺）高的薩朗隘口更重要，每天都有數以千計卡車緩慢穿越這個起伏山區。這是從阿富汗北部通往首都喀布爾及烏茲別克等鄰國唯一能走的陸路，在這條路上坡下坡的什麼都有：燃料、麵粉、煤炭、消費產品、牲口和人類。 After decades of war, overuse and ad hoc repairs, the highway is in poor shape and prone to calamity. Navigating it demands a certain daring. 在數十年的戰爭、過度使用與臨時修補後，這條公路狀況不佳，可能發生災害，走這條路需要一定的膽量。 So does the upkeep. 維護這條路也是。 "The fighting was easier than dealing with this," Ayoubi, 31, said last month, before hopping in his mud-spattered white pickup truck and making his way down the road, stopping occasionally to manage clogged columns of trucks. 「戰鬥比處理這種事容易」，31歲的阿尤比上個月說，在他跳進濺了泥巴的白色貨卡，在路上開出通道，偶爾停下來排除塞住的卡車車陣之前。 Accidents and breakdowns are common occurrences on the potholed and perilous journey across the pass. But the greatest fear is getting stuck in a traffic jam in one of the highway's long, pitch-black tunnels, where the buildup of carbon monoxide can suffocate those trapped within. 在穿越隘口的凹凸不平且危險的旅程中，事故和拋錨司空見慣。然而最大的恐懼是，塞在這條公路漫長且漆黑的多個隧道之一，當中累積的一氧化碳可能讓卡在隧道中的人窒息。 The centerpiece of the highway is the Salang Tunnel. Constructed by the Soviets in the 1960s, it was once the highest tunnel in the world. 這條路最重要的是薩朗隧道，1960年代由蘇聯建造，曾是世界海拔最高的隧道。 Everything seems to be different in the Salang Pass this year, except for the pass itself. 今年薩朗隘口的一切似乎都不一樣了，除隘口本身。

Kashmir Journalists Face Forbidding Pattern: Arrest, Bail, Rearrest 喀什米爾記者面臨當局整肅新模式
文/Suhasini Raj
譯/陳韋廷喀什米爾記者面臨當局整肅新模式 After being held in jail for close to four years awaiting trial on charges of aiding militants, Kashmiri journalist Aasif Sultan was granted bail by the courts last week, and he thought he could finally return home to his wife and his daughter, who was just 6 months old when he was arrested. 因協助武裝分子罪名遭關押候審近四年後，喀什米爾記者蘇爾坦上周獲法院准予保釋，他認為自己終於可以回到妻子和女兒身邊。他被捕時女兒僅6個月大。 But Indian authorities did not let him go, levying similar charges under a different law, and have since moved him to a different jail. 但印度當局沒有放他走，根據不同的法律對他提出類似指控，並將他轉移到另一所監獄。 Sultan's case is the latest instance, rights activists say, in which Indian authorities have weaponized the legal system to limit free speech and harass journalists, particularly those in the Indian-controlled portion of the disputed Kashmir region. Some have been arrested under laws that allow people to be held for extended periods without trial and that make bail terms extremely difficult and sometimes impossible. 維權人士說，蘇爾坦案是最新一例，顯示印度當局將司法體系當作武器，限制言論自由，騷擾記者，尤其是在有主權爭議的印控喀什米爾地區記者。有些人被捕，根據的法律允許未審就長期囚禁，這造成保釋極其困難，有時甚至不可能。 Sultan is now being held under the stringent Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act, a preventive detention law that lets the region's authorities keep a suspect in jail for a maximum of two years — without any formal criminal charges being filed, and so without any trial and with no hope for bail — if local authorities contend that the person presents a security risk or a threat to public order. 蘇爾坦現被關押，是根據嚴格的「查謨與喀什米爾公共安全法」，這是一條預防性羈押法律，允許地方當局在没有任何正式刑事指控，因此没有任何審判亦無保釋希望情況下，關押嫌疑人最多兩年，只要當局認定該人構成安全風險或威脅公共秩序。 Activists argue that the law violates international human rights, and lawyers say Indian authorities have used it to round up Kashmiris posing no threat of violence, including journalists, students and those with sizable political or economic sway in the region. 維權人士表示，這項法律侵犯了國際人權，律師也說印度當局利用這項法律來圍捕沒有暴力威脅的喀什米爾人，包括記者、學生以及在當地具有重大政治或經濟影響力的人。 "The Public Safety Act is based on the apprehension that one may do something illegal and not that one may have done something illegal," said Shafqat Nazir, a lawyer who practices at the High Court of Srinagar, Kashmir's largest city. "Just on the basis of an apprehension, one can rot in jail for two years." 在喀什米爾最大城市斯利那加高等法院執業的律師納齊爾說：「公共安全法是基於拘押一個可能會做違法事情的人，而非此人可能已經做了違法之事。光是一次拘押，此人就可能在監獄裡待兩年。」 Sultan's experience — a detention extended either just after a court grants bail or just before a bail hearing — has become a pattern, applied against at least two other Kashmiri journalists arrested in recent months. 蘇爾坦的經歷已成為一種模式，就是在法院准予保釋後或是在保釋聽證會前遭延押，最近幾個月遭逮捕的至少另外兩名喀什米爾記者也有同樣遭遇。 Across India, activists, writers, students, academics and journalists have complained of an increased climate of intimidation as the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in power since 2014, seeks to stifle its critics. 全印度的維權人士、作家、學生、學者和記者都抱怨恐嚇氣氛日益嚴重，因為自2014年起掌權的總理莫迪政府試圖壓制批評人士。

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