Trump Opens Pristine Alaska Wilderness to Drilling in Long-Running Feud 川普批准阿拉斯加荒野鑽油 多年爭議再起

★ 無法正常瀏覽內容，請按這裡線上閱讀 新聞  健康  udn部落格

2025/12/19 第568期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 Trump Opens Pristine Alaska Wilderness to Drilling in Long-Running Feud 川普批准阿拉斯加荒野鑽油 多年爭議再起 E.P.A. Plan to Kill Climate Rule Worries Businesses 美環保署擬廢氣候規範 企業界憂心

Trump Opens Pristine Alaska Wilderness to Drilling in Long-Running Feud 川普批准阿拉斯加荒野鑽油 多年爭議再起 文/Maxine Joselow 譯/江昱蓁 川普批准阿拉斯加荒野鑽油 多年爭議再起 The Trump administration on Thursday announced a plan to allow oil and gas drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, one of the largest remaining tracts of pristine wilderness in the United States. 川普政府周四宣布，計畫允許在阿拉斯加北極國家野生動物保護區進行石油與天然氣開採。該地是美國境內僅存最大、尚未受破壞的原始荒野之一。 The decision was the latest twist in a long-running fight over the fate of the refuge's coastal plain, an unspoiled expanse of 1.56 million acres that is believed to sit atop billions of barrels of oil but is also a critical habitat for polar bears, caribou, migratory birds and other wildlife. 這項決定為多年來圍繞保護區命運的爭議再添新章。這片未受迫化的土地面積達156萬英畝，據信蘊藏數十億桶原油，同時也是北極熊、馴鹿、候鳥與其他野生動物的重要棲地。 During his first term, President Donald Trump signed a 2017 tax bill that required two oil and gas lease sales in the coastal plain, but the Biden administration later suspended and then canceled those leases. 川普在第一任期內於2017年簽署稅改法案，要求在沿海平原舉行兩次石油與天然氣租約拍賣，但拜登政府上任後先暫停，後又取消這些租約。 On Thursday, the Interior Department said it would hold an oil and gas lease sale in the coastal plain this winter. The agency also said it would reinstate seven oil leases in the refuge that the state of Alaska acquired in 2021 but that had been canceled two years later by the Biden administration. 內政部周四表示，將於今冬在沿海平原舉行新的石油與天然氣租約拍賣，並恢復阿拉斯加州於2021年取得、後被拜登政府於兩年後撤銷的七份租約。 "This land should and will be supporting responsible oil and gas leasing," Interior Secretary Doug Burgum said during an "Alaska Day" event at the Interior Department's headquarters, which came even as many Interior employees were furloughed during the ongoing government shutdown. 內政部長柏根在內政部本部舉行的「阿拉斯加日」活動上表示：「這片土地應該、也將繼續支持負責任的石油與天然氣租賃。」這場活動舉行時，政府因停擺已有多名內政部員工被迫休假。 Burgum also announced that the Interior Department had finalized a deal that would allow a contentious gravel road to be built through the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Alaska. And he reiterated that the agency would greenlight an industrial road that would cut through pristine wilderness to reach a proposed copper and zinc mine in northern Alaska. 柏根並宣布，內政部已敲定一項協議，允許在阿拉斯加西南部的伊曾貝克國家野生動物保護區內修建一條具爭議的碎石道路。他同時重申，內政部將批准另條貫穿原始荒野、通往阿拉斯加北部擬建銅鋅礦的工業道路。 Trump has repeatedly promised to increase Arctic drilling as part of his plans to expand U.S. oil and gas production and achieve "American energy dominance." 川普一再承諾，將擴大北極地區的鑽油行動，作為推動美國能源生產、實現「美國主導能源」計畫一部分。 Yet major oil companies have previously shown little interest in drilling in the refuge, largely because of the great expense and some concerns about public relations. It remains unclear whether they will bid in the upcoming auction. 然而，大型石油公司過去對在該保護區鑽探興趣不高，主因是成本過高及形象風險。目前尚不清楚它們是否會參與將舉行的租賃競標。 Adding to these challenges, some major banks have committed to not finance drilling in the refuge. And environmental groups are expected to file lawsuits to try to block the lease sale. 雪上加霜的是，部分大型銀行已承諾不為該區的鑽探活動提供融資。環保團體也預料將提起訴訟，試圖阻止租約拍賣。 "We will fight any attempt to industrialize the fragile coastal plain of the Arctic refuge and every option is on the table," said Kristen Miller, executive director of the Alaska Wilderness League. 阿拉斯加荒野聯盟執行長克莉絲汀・米勒表示：「我們將全力抵抗任何試圖將北極保護區脆弱沿海平原工業化的行動。」 E.P.A. Plan to Kill Climate Rule Worries Businesses 美環保署擬廢氣候規範 企業界憂心 文/Karen Zraick and Lisa Friedm 譯/羅方妤 美環保署擬廢氣候規範 企業界憂心 The Environmental Protection Agency is promising to erase a scientific finding that underpins climate regulations nationwide. But some business leaders said they are wary that the move could lead to a costly legal quagmire. 美國環境保護署承諾撤銷一項支撐全國氣候法規的科學結論。但部分企業領袖擔憂，此舉恐引發昂貴的法律戰與亂局。 The rule, known as the "endangerment finding," is the conclusion by the EPA that greenhouse gases endanger public health and therefore must be regulated by the federal government. EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin has said the agency would repeal the 2009 finding, contending that the burden to industries of cutting greenhouse gas emissions is more harmful than a warming planet. 這項名為「危害認定」的規則，是環保署認定溫室氣體危害公眾健康，因此必須由聯邦政府管制的結論。環保署署長李修頓表示，該署將廢除2009年的認定，主張減排對產業的負擔，比全球暖化更嚴重。 Yet carmakers, electric utilities, and even the oil and gas industry have asked the EPA to tread carefully. If the federal government were to stop regulating greenhouse gases, the primary driver of climate change for more than half a century, it could clear the way for states and municipalities to sue companies for damages from climate change. And it could spur individual states to come up with their own pollution limits, creating a patchwork of regulations. Environmental groups have also promised to sue the EPA if it repeals the finding, leading to more uncertainty for businesses. 然而，汽車製造商、電力公司，甚至石油天然氣產業，都要求環保署謹慎行事。若聯邦政府停止管制溫室氣體——這是半世紀多來氣候變遷的主要推力——恐讓各州與地方政府得以對企業提起氣候損害求償。同時也可能促使各州自行訂定汙染管制上限，各行其是。環保團體已揚言若廢除認定，將對環保署提告，導致企業面臨更大不確定性。 "This is something that the vast majority of industry didn't ask for and doesn't want," said Zach Friedman, senior director of federal policy at Ceres, a nonprofit group that submitted a letter from 59 companies and investors opposing the EPA plan. 非營利組織Ceres提交59間公司和投資人反對環保署計畫的連署信。該組織聯邦政策資深主任傅萊德曼表示：「這是絕大多數行業沒有要求且不想要的。」 Brigit Hirsch, an EPA spokesperson, said that rescinding the endangerment finding would "unlock regulatory clarity like never before" and that the finding had led to heavy costs, particularly for the auto industry. 環保署發言人布莉姬·赫許表示，廢除危害認定將「前所未有地釋放法規清晰度」，並指該認定造成沉重成本，特別是汽車產業。 In its proposal to repeal the endangerment finding, the EPA cited a recent Energy Department report that downplayed the severity of climate change. That report was written by five prominent climate contrarians chosen by the Trump administration. Their work has been sharply criticized by many climate scientists. 環保署在廢除危害認定的提案中，引用能源部一份淡化氣候變遷嚴重性的報告。該報告由川普政府挑選的5位知名氣候懷疑論者撰寫，其內容已遭多位氣候科學家嚴厲批評。 Few business leaders raised the threat of climate change in their opposition to the EPA plan, and many in fact argued for loosened emissions standards. But they still said the federal government should retain the ability to regulate greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act. 很少企業領袖在反對環保署計畫時提及氣候變遷威脅，許多人實際上主張放寬排放標準。但他們仍表示，聯邦政府應保留依「潔淨空氣法」管制溫室氣體的權力。 The Trump administration is aiming to finalize the repeal before the end of the year, according to several EPA officials. 多名環保署官員指出，川普政府預計在年底前完成廢除程序。

本電子報著作權均屬「聯合線上公司」或授權「聯合線上公司」使用之合法權利人所有， 禁止未經授權轉載或節錄。若對電子報內容有任何疑問或要求轉載授權，請【聯絡我們】。   免費電子報 | 著作權聲明 | 隱私權聲明 | 聯絡我們