Deadly Disaster Turns Italy’s Focus to Illegal Construction 土石流重創義度假小島違建引發全國關注

2023年1月12日星期四

Deadly Disaster Turns Italy’s Focus to Illegal Construction 土石流重創義度假小島違建引發全國關注

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Deadly Disaster Turns Italy's Focus to Illegal Construction 土石流重創義度假小島違建引發全國關注
Senate Report Faults U.S. Response to Pandemic 美參院報告：政府系統性問題阻礙應對疫情

Deadly Disaster Turns Italy's Focus to Illegal Construction 土石流重創義度假小島違建引發全國關注
文/Gaia Pianigiani
譯/陳韋廷土石流重創義度假小島違建引發全國關注 A bulldozer paused and everything went silent in the night as a firefighter, spotting a pink sweater in a generator's light, reached into the mud-caked debris. This time, it was only a sweater. 一台推土機停了下來，夜裡一片寂靜，消防員在發電機燈光下發現一件粉紅色毛衣，把手伸到泥濘的廢墟中。這次，它只是件毛衣。 Torrential rains last weekend sent a powerful landslide plowing through Casamicciola Terme, a port town on the southern Italian island of Ischia, killing 12 residents — including a newborn baby and two small children — and washing away houses and burying streets. This past week, rescue workers and volunteers continued to dig for survivors and to unearth the town from thick rivers of mud. 上周末的暴雨，導致義大利南部伊斯契亞島港口小鎮卡薩米喬拉泰爾梅發生土石流，造成12個居民死亡，包括1名新生兒與2名兒童，沖走了房屋還掩蓋街道。過去一周，救援人員與志工持續挖掘生還者，並從厚厚泥水中挖出城鎮。 But as some evacuees came back to search for their belongings, many felt an unwelcome scrutiny from a nation that was asking whether the island's abundance of illegally constructed houses had increased the vulnerability of a town that sits in a geologically fragile zone across the bay from Naples. 但一些被撤離的人回來尋找他們的物品時，許多人感受到令人不快的檢視，整個國家都在質問，島上大量違建房屋，是否讓這座位於地質脆弱地帶、隔著海灣與那不勒斯相望的城鎮更容易受傷害。 Authorities have not clarified which buildings, if any, may have been illegally built. But a series of amnesties over decades from various Italian governments may have rendered most of them legal in any case. That has set off hand-wringing among politicians, including the far-right party of Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, and a bitter round of finger pointing over who was to blame. 當局還未確認哪些建築可能是違建，如果有的話。數十年來義大利歷任政府的一系列特赦，恐令它們當中的大多數都已合法。這讓政治人物不安，包含總理梅洛尼的極右派政黨，並就誰該為此負責展開激烈相互指責。 "We have no zoning plan since the 1960s," Vincenzo Capuano, 64, a town resident, said as friends emptied his basement of mud one bucket at a time. "Politicians have never decided where residents can build here. There is no way to build legally." 64歲鎮民卡普阿諾在朋友們一桶又一桶清理他的地下室泥漿時說：「自1960年代以來，我們就毫無區域規劃。政治人物從未決定可在哪裡蓋房。根本沒辦法合法建造。」 Illegal construction has blighted Italy's coastlines, hilly landscapes and cities, but the practice is especially endemic in the poorer southern regions, including Campania. On Ischia, an island of 63,000 famous for its thermal baths, 27,000 requests for amnesty on illegal works are pending, from altered windows to entire homes. 違建破壞義大利的海岸線、丘陵景觀和城市，這種行為在較窮的南部地區尤其盛行，包括坎帕尼亞大區。在居民6萬3000人、以溫泉浴聞名的伊斯契亞島，目前有2萬7000份針對非法工程的赦免申請正等待處理，從修改窗戶到整棟房。 Italy has a long history of condoning these illegal constructions, and the anticipation that another amnesty will always arrive has prompted offenders to keep building illegally, marring some of the country's most pristine beaches with shoddy, and unsightly, homes. 義大利長期縱容這些違建，人們對另一次特赦總會到來的預期，促使違法者繼續蓋違建，以粗製濫造、難看的房屋破壞該國一些最原始的海灘。 On the night of the landslide, mud pounded Via Celario and Via Santa Barbara, the most damaged residential streets, washing away about 10 homes. Within them, four children slept. The youngest, a 22-day-old infant, was found dead in his dead mother's arms. 土石流當晚，塞拉里歐和聖巴巴拉是受災最嚴重的住宅區街道，約10棟房舍被土石流沖走，裡面睡著4個孩子。當中最小的是22天大的嬰兒，被發現死在他死去母親懷裡。

Senate Report Faults U.S. Response to Pandemic 美參院報告：政府系統性問題阻礙應對疫情
文/Sheryl Gay Stolberg
譯/陳韋廷美參院報告：政府系統性問題阻礙應對疫情 A new examination by Senate Democrats of how the federal government bungled its early response to the coronavirus pandemic faults President Donald Trump and his administration for numerous missteps while also laying blame on "multiple systemic problems" that long predated his time in office. 美國參議院民主黨人對聯邦政府在新冠疫情初期應對失敗進行的最新調查，指責川普總統及其政府犯下許多錯誤，並將其歸咎於早在他執政前就存在的「多個系統性問題」。 The 241-page report was produced by the Democratic staff of the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee. The report relied on documents and interviews with key Trump administration officials, including Dr. Deborah L. Birx, the White House coronavirus response coordinator, and Dr. Robert R. Redfield, who served as director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 這份241頁報告由參院國土安全與政府事務委員會的民主黨工作人員製作。該報告基於多份文件以及對川普政府主要官員的訪談，包括白宮新冠病毒應對協調主管柏克斯，以及聯邦疾病防治中心主任芮斐德。 Many issues covered in the report, such as serious problems with data collection and insufficient testing capacity, had already been explored by news organizations, but the study painted a sweeping portrait of a government that was wholly unprepared for the arrival of a deadly new pathogen. 報告中涉及的許多問題早已被新聞機構探討，例如數據收集的嚴重問題和檢測量能不足，但該研究報告完整描繪了一個政府對一種致命新病原體到來毫無準備的情況。 The report cited inadequate funding, supply chain vulnerabilities, overlapping government roles and other problems that it said "have been flagged by experts and oversight agencies for years, yet have been largely overlooked by all branches of the federal government." 報告列出資金不足、供應鏈漏洞、政府角色重疊等問題，並稱這些問題「多年來一直被專家和監管機構注意，但幾乎被所有聯邦政府部門忽視」。 It found, for example, that a public health emergency fund created to support state and local health systems had received no new appropriations since 1999 and had been "virtually empty" since 2012. 例如，報告發現自1999年以來，為支持州及地方衛生系統設立的公衛緊急基金未收到任何新的撥款，自2012年以來「幾乎空無一物」。 While the federal preparedness apparatus had been in place for decades, the report noted that planning from 2005 through 2019 had been "narrowly focused on influenza and failed to adequately incorporate other potential infectious disease threats." 雖然這個聯邦準備機構已存在數十年，但報告指出，2005年到2019年的規畫一直「侷限於關注流感，未能充分考慮其他潛在傳染病威脅」。 The Senate homeland security committee's analysis was narrow in scope. It focused on the chaotic first few months of the pandemic, after the coronavirus was first identified in China in December 2019. At the beginning of the outbreak, the United States "failed to heed critical public warnings that foreshadowed the severity and transmissibility of the virus," the report said. 參院國土安全委員會分析範圍狹小，著重2019年12月在中國首次發現新冠病毒後，大流行頭幾個月的混亂。報告稱在疫情爆發之初，美國「未能注意到預示病毒嚴重性及傳播力的重要公共警告」。 As the crisis unfolded, the report said, the White House barred the CDC from holding news briefings. Though experts repeatedly recommended the use of face masks, the administration did not formally do so until April 3, 2020 — and even then, Trump declined to wear one. He also insisted the virus would disappear. 報告說，隨著危機擴大，白宮仍禁止疾病防治中心舉行記者會。儘管專家一再建議使用口罩，但川普政府直到2020年4月3日才正式這樣做。即便到了那時，川普仍拒絕戴口罩。他還堅稱病毒會消失。

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