Taiwan’s Endangered Black Bear　重振「熊」風　人人有責

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2019/10/29 第437期訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份∣直接訂閱

本期文章
•	Taiwan’s Endangered Black Bear　重振「熊」風　人人有責
•	Words for Reference
•	Tips & Analysis
•	Words in Use
•	Practical Phrases
•	More to Learn
•	中文翻譯&標準答案
優惠活動訊息：見訊息

Taiwan’s Endangered Black Bear　　重振「熊」風　人人有責

by William Ryan

　　The Formosan black bear is Taiwan’s only endemic bear and its largest land animal. Considered sacred by indigenous tribes, this cute bear subspecies◆ is __1__ by everyone in Taiwan. A favorite among visitors to the Taipei Zoo, the Formosan black bear was voted the most representative of Taiwanese wildlife◆.
　　Formosan black bears live in remote, mountainous◆ parts of Taiwan. These solitary◆ creatures are known __2__ as the dog bear, white-throated bear, or moon bear. Feeding mainly on leaves, fruits, roots, insects, and small animals, they add acorns◆ to their diet during certain times of the year. Fast runners and skilled swimmers, Formosan black bears have a habit of avoiding human contact, __3__ their exact numbers difficult to estimate. There is another reason for the uncertainty of the Formosan black bear population and its future. The declining numbers of these rarely-sighted animals, officially listed as endangered, are attributed to all-too-common causes—habitat◆ destruction and illegal exploitation◆ traceable to humans.
　　In 2018, a young cub◆ was found __4__ its mother near a waterfall in Hualien County, hungry and malnourished◆. Animal conservation authorities nursed it back to health within nine months, and returned it to the wild, but not without controversy. The location of the cub’s release was to be kept secret, but a TV news crew was __5__ the helicopter◆ carrying the animal, filming everything. Since the cub’s release on April 30, 2019, its subsequent movements have been monitored via satellite◆ tracking. Hopefully in the future, the bear will regain a defense that serves the species well—its natural timidity◆ toward humans.
1. (A) adored　　(B) erased　　(C) informed　　(D) opposed
2. (A) fluently　　(B) variously　　(C) similarly　　(D) respectively
3. (A) make　　(B) made　　(C) making　　(D) are making
4. (A) plagued with　　(B) reserved for　　(C) confused about　　(D) separated from
5. (A) on duty　　(B) on board　　(C) on the spot　　(D) on the edge

◆ subspecies n. 亞種（單複數同形）
　species n. 物種（單複數同形）
◆ wildlife n. 野生動物（集合名詞，不可數）
◆ mountainous a. 山區的，多山的
◆ solitary a. 非群居的；單獨的
◆ acorn n. 橡實
◆ habitat n. 棲息地
◆ exploitation n. 開發
◆ cub n.（熊、獅、虎等的）幼獸
◆ malnourished a. 營養不良的
◆ helicopter n. 直升機
◆ satellite n.（人造）衛星
◆ timidity n. 膽怯

1. Considered sacred by indigenous tribes, this cute bear subspecies is adored by everyone in Taiwan.
理由
a. (A) adore vt. 喜歡，熱愛
• It wasn’t until Mary graduated from college that she came to realize that Ken adored her.
瑪麗直到大學畢業才知道阿肯喜歡自己。
(B) erase vt. 抹去，擦掉
• Could you please help me erase the blackboard?
可以請你幫我擦黑板嗎？
(C) inform vt. 通知，告知
inform sb of sth　　通知某人某事
• Gina informed me of the change in our class schedule.
吉娜通知我課表的更動。
(D) oppose vt. 反對
oppose N/V-ing　　反對……
= be opposed to N/V-ing
• Most of the staff opposed the idea of moving the company to a new location.
大部分的員工都反對將公司遷移至他處。
b. 根據語意，這個可愛熊熊亞種被原住民族視為神聖的動物，並「受到」臺灣所有人的「喜愛」，故 (A) 項應為正選。

2. These solitary creatures are known variously as the dog bear, white-throated bear, or moon bear.
理由
a. (A) fluently adv. 流利地
• Kate speaks Spanish fluently because she grew up using it with her parents.
凱特因為從小就和父母用西班牙文對話，所以講得很流利。
(B) variously adv. 不同地，各式各樣地
• The cost of building that tower has been variously estimated at between 60 and 80 million US dollars.
那座塔的建造成本據各種不同的估計落在六千萬到八千萬美元之間。
(C) similarly adv. 相似地；同樣地
• In this restaurant, men must wear a suit and tie. Similarly, women must wear a formal dress.
在這家餐廳用餐，男士必須穿西裝打領帶。同樣地，女士得穿正式的洋裝。
(D) respectively adv. 分別地
• London and Paris are the capitals of the United Kingdom and France, respectively.
倫敦和巴黎分別是英國與法國的首都。
b. 根據語意，這些獨居動物以狗熊、白喉熊及月熊等「不同」名稱為人所知，故 (B) 項應為正選。

3. Fast runners and skilled swimmers, Formosan black bears have a habit of avoiding human contact, making their exact numbers difficult to estimate.
理由
a. 原句實為：
Fast runners and skilled swimmers, Formosan black bears have a habit of avoiding human contact, which makes their exact numbers difficult to estimate.
b. 在上述形容詞子句中，由於關係代名詞 which 代替的是前面整個句子，因此要用逗號與主要子句隔開。該形容詞子句可化簡成分詞片語：首先將關係代名詞刪除，之後的動詞變成現在分詞；若動詞為 be 動詞，變成現在分詞 being 後可將 being 省略。
c. 根據上述形容詞子句化簡法，將關係代名詞 which 刪除並將動詞 makes 變成現在分詞 making 後即成本句，故 (C) 項應為正選。

4. In 2018, a young cub was found separated from its mother near a waterfall in Hualien County, hungry and malnourished.
理由
a. (A) be plagued with...　　
因……困擾；飽受……的折磨
plague vt. 困擾；折磨
• Even though they were plagued with financial problems, the young couple managed to save money.
雖然這對年輕夫妻飽受財務問題的困擾，但他們設法存了些錢。
(B) be reserved for...　　專供／保留給……
• This room is reserved for VIPs only.
這間房間專供貴賓使用。
(C) be confused about...　　對……感到困惑
• I was still confused about what had happened after Jason’s explanation.
經傑森解釋後，我還是對所發生的事情感到困惑。
(D) be separated from...　　與……分開／隔開
• Iris was separated from her friends by the big crowd.
艾瑞絲和她的朋友被廣大的人群沖散了。
b. 根據語意，2018 年，有人在花蓮縣的某個瀑布附近發現一隻「與」母熊「分開」、飢餓又營養不良的年幼小熊，故 (D) 項應為正選。

5. The location of the cub’s release was to be kept secret, but a TV news crew was on board the helicopter carrying the animal, filming everything.
理由
a. (A) on duty　　執勤，值班
off duty　　下勤務，下班
• That guard fell asleep while he was on duty last night.
該守衛昨晚值班時睡著了。
(B) on board　　
在……（船、飛機、火車等大型交通工具）上
• There were 12 children on board the ship when the accident happened.
意外發生時，船上有十二名小孩。
(C) on the spot　　當場；立刻
• Much to my excitement, my girlfriend accepted my proposal on the spot.
令我非常興奮的是，女友當場就接受了我的求婚。
(D) on the edge 常用於下列用法中：
on the edge of...　　在……的邊緣
• That country is reportedly on the edge of bankruptcy.
據報導，該國正瀕臨破產。
＊bankruptcy n. 破產
b. 根據語意，這隻小熊被野放的地點應不對外公開，但一家電視新聞小組一同「登上」了載著小熊的直升機並將一切拍攝下來，故 (B) 項應為正選。

1. endangered a. 瀕臨絕種的
• This river is home to several endangered species of fish.
這條河是數種瀕危魚類的棲息地。

2. endemic a. 地方特有的
　be endemic to + 地方　　是某地特有的
• Many species of animals are endemic to China, including the giant panda.
許多動物物種是中國所特有的，包括大貓熊。

3. sacred a. 神聖的
• Churches, temples, and mosques are all considered sacred.
教堂、寺廟及清真寺都被認為是神聖的。
＊mosque n. 清真寺

4. indigenous a. 原住民的；土生土長的
　be indigenous to + 地方　　是某地特有的
• This kind of plant is indigenous to South Africa.
這種植物是南非特有的。

5. estimate vt. 估計，估算
• It is estimated that about 500 people were injured in the train accident.
據估計約有五百人在那場火車事故中受傷。

6. destruction n. 破壞，毀壞
• The floods brought destruction to the area, leaving many people homeless.
這場水患摧毀了該地區，讓許多人無家可歸。

7. conservation n. 保育；保護
• The conservation group condemned the fishermen for killing endangered whales.
該保育團體譴責漁民殺害瀕臨絕種的鯨魚。

8. controversy n. 爭議（性）
• The minister caused controversy when he bought a car with church funds.
那名牧師用教堂的經費為自己買了一輛車而引發爭議。

9. subsequent a. 隨後的，接著發生的
• Willy made it through the first round of the spelling bee but failed the subsequent one.
威利通過拼字比賽的第一回合，但隨後的比賽並未過關。

10. monitor vt. 監控，監視
• Rumor has it that our boss has set up several hidden cameras to monitor us.
有傳言說老闆架設了數臺隱藏式攝影機來監視我們。

11. defense n. 防禦，保衛
• The world must tighten its defenses against infectious diseases.
全球必須加強對傳染病的防禦。
＊infectious a. 傳染性的

1. be known as...　　以……名稱／身分為人所知
• Sean is known as a very talented writer.
眾人皆知尚恩是一位很有才華的作家。

2. feed on...　　（尤指動物）以……為食
• Frogs feed on small insects, like flies and mosquitoes.
青蛙以像是蒼蠅和蚊子的小昆蟲為食。

3. be attributed to...　　歸因於……
attribute vt. 將……歸因於
• The child’s declining health can be attributed to poor dental care and hygiene.
那孩子每況愈下的健康狀況可歸咎於牙齒保健不良和衛生不佳。
＊hygiene n. 衛生

4. be traceable to...　　可追溯至／起源於……
traceable a. 可追蹤的；起源於……的
• Lisa’s illness was shown to be traceable to the dangerous chemicals that factory illegally dumped.
有跡象顯示，麗莎的疾病可追溯至該工廠非法傾倒的危險化學物質。

have a / the habit of V-ing　　
有（做）……的習慣
• Many people in Taiwan have the habit of taking an afternoon nap.
臺灣有許多人都有午睡的習慣。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
表「有（做）……的習慣」還有下列用法：
be in the habit of V-ing
• Phoebe is in the habit of drinking a cup of coffee every morning before work.
菲比習慣每天早上開始工作前先喝杯咖啡。
表「養成（做……的）習慣」有下列用法：
develop a / the habit
form a / the habit
make it a habit to V
get into a / the habit of V-ing
• Most people develop a habit subconsciously.
大多數人都在不知不覺中養成某種習慣。
＊subconsciously adv. 下意識地
• Roger has gotten into the habit of reading one book every week.
羅傑已養成每週看一本書的習慣。
表「改掉／戒掉（做……的）習慣」有下列用法：
break a / the habit
kick a / the habit
get out of a / the habit of V-ing
• It’s hard to break a habit that you’ve had for a long time.
積習難改。
• Thomas should really get out of the habit of wasting money.
湯馬斯真的該戒掉浪費錢的習慣。

重振「熊」風　人人有責
　　

　　臺灣黑熊是臺灣唯一特有的熊，且是當地最大的陸地動物。這個可愛熊熊亞種被原住民族視為神聖的動物，並受到臺灣所有人的喜愛。身為臺北市立動物園遊客的最愛，臺灣黑熊被票選為臺灣野生動物的最佳代表。
　　臺灣黑熊棲息於臺灣的偏遠山區。這些獨居動物以狗熊、白喉熊及月熊等不同名稱為人所知。牠們主要以樹葉、果實、樹根、昆蟲及小型動物為食，在一年之中的某些時候還會吃橡實。臺灣黑熊跑得快且擅長游泳，並習慣避免與人接觸，這讓牠們的確切數量難以估計。臺灣黑熊的數量及其未來的不確定性還有一個原因。這些被官方列為瀕危的罕見動物的數量下滑，是由於司空見慣的因素所造成的 ── 可追溯至人類對其棲息地的破壞及非法開發。
　　2018 年，有人在花蓮縣的某個瀑布附近發現一隻與母熊分開、飢餓又營養不良的年幼小熊。動保單位在九個月內照料牠恢復健康並讓牠回到野外，但這並非毫無爭議。這隻小熊被野放的地點應不對外公開，但一家電視新聞小組一同登上了載著小熊的直升機並將一切拍攝下來。自從這隻小熊在 2019 年四月三十日被野放後，牠後續的動向都一直由衛星追蹤系統監控。但願在未來，這隻熊會重獲對該物種有益的防禦能力 ── 也就是天生對人類的畏懼。
答案：1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D　5. B


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